Gingivitis vs Periodontitis Disease: What Is The Difference

Gum disease is a serious condition that affects millions, with recent estimates from sources like the Adult Oral Health Study indicating 19% of adults have been told they have some form of gum disease. When identified early, gum disease is usually manageable. In this article, we will discuss two common types of gum disease, gingivitis and periodontal disease. We will highlight the main differences, treatments, and offer tips to help prevent gum disease. 

What is Gingivitis?

Gingivitis is one of the milder forms of gum disease and is usually reversible with professional dental treatment. This is because it typically does not affect the bone structure. The main cause of gingivitis is plaque buildup—often due to ineffective brushing—on the gums, which, over time, can irritate them. Some of the common associated symptoms include:

1. Gums that are swollen, red, purplish and hard.
2. Often, gums can appear as though they are puffy and painful when touched.
3. Gums that are often bleeding.
4. Halitosis, due to bacteria.
5. We have found that some patients state that they had no idea they had gingivitis and suffered no discomfort.

What is Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal disease is the more advanced form of gum disease, and far more serious if left untreated. It can be very damaging to your oral health and is often irreversible. This doesn't mean its effects can't be slowed down. It involves the destruction of the tissues around your teeth, forming gaps that trap bacteria and plaque. Common symptoms include:

1. Gums that look as though they have peeled back, with teeth looking far more pronounced and visible.
2. Due to the presence of bacteria in the pockets, bad breath is often present.
3. Pus can be visible, coming from between the teeth and gums.
4. Pain when biting or chewing.
5. General pain due to bone and gum damage.

7 Key Statistics

1. Gingivitis is the most common oral disease among children aged 7-12, according to a 2018 PIMS study. 
2. A 2025 review of the literature by Frontiers in Oral Health found that, due to hormonal changes, gingivitis peaks in adolescence.
3. A 2025 review of the literature in Frontiers in Oral Health also reported a 90% rate in adolescents in more deprived areas.
4. The Global Burden of Disease Study in 2021 estimated there were just shy of 1 billion cases (951.3 million) of periodontal disease.
5. A more recent study by the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimated that, in 2025, there will be more than 1 billion cases of periodontal disease.
6. Regionally, South Asia has the highest rates of periodontitis, according to the Global Burden of Disease Control.
7. Global Burden of Disease Control also states that males are more likely to have periodontitis across all age groups.

Key Differences Between Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease

7 Lifestyle Strategies To Help

Below are some lifestyle strategies for both Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease. Early intervention is key; it is vital to seek the help of a professional dental surgery. 

1. Regular brushing of teeth for two minutes at least twice a day, and after eating.
2. Regular flossing between teeth.
3. Tongue cleaning.
4. A diet that reduces sugary and acidic foods and includes vitamins.
5. Regular dental checkups.
6. Stress management can help improve the body's immune system.
7. Stop smoking, as this increases the chances of gum disease.

Conclusion

One key strategy for achieving a positive outcome is a prompt professional diagnosis. By having regular checkups, you can help ensure that any signs of gingivitis and periodontal Disease are detected early, providing the best opportunity for a positive outcome. If you have any concerns or would like to book a checkup, contact our friendly dental practice.